- protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
- public boolean equals(Object obj)
- protected void finalize() throws Throwable
- public final Class getClass()
- public int hashCode()
- public String toString()
- public final void notify()
- public final void notifyAll()
- public final void wait()
- public final void wait(long timeout)
- public final void wait(long timeout, int nanos)
功能如下表
clone() | 建立並回傳物件的副本 |
equals() | 比較是否為相同物件 |
finalize() | 呼叫資源回收者 (garbage collector) 檢查此物件是否應該被回收 |
getClass() | 取得類別名稱 |
hashCode() | 取得物件的雜湊碼 |
toString() | 取得物件的字串表示形式 |
notify() | 有關同步功能.... |
notifyAll() | 有關同步功能.... |
wait() | 有關同步功能.... |
final 的方法不能再改寫 (override) ,非 final 的方法可以改寫成符合自己需要的。
以下程式示範使用 equals() 、 getClass() 、 hashCode() 、 toString() 四個方法
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 | class Animal { private int age; private int weight; public Animal( int a, int w) { setAge(a); setWeight(w); System.out.println( "使用兩個參數的建構子,Animal物件已建立...." ); } public Animal( int w) { this ( 3 , w); } public Animal() { this ( 3 , 15 ); } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge( int n) { if (n < 0 ) { age = 1 ; } else { age = n; } } public int getWeight() { return weight; } public void setWeight( int n) { if (n < 0 ) { weight = 1 ; } else { weight = n; } } public void speak() { System.out.println( "哈囉,我已經" + getAge() + "歲,有" + getWeight() + "公斤重" ); } } class Elephant extends Animal { private String name; public Elephant(String n, int a, int w) { super (a, w); setName(n); System.out.println( "使用三個參數的建構子,Elephant物件已建立...." ); } public Elephant( int a, int w) { this ( "小象" , a, w); } public Elephant() { this ( "小象" , 3 , 150 ); } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String n) { if (n == null || n.equals( "" )) { name = "無名氏" ; } else { name = n; } } public void speak() { super .speak(); System.out.println( "我的名字是" + getName()); } } class JungleDemo8 { public static void main(String[] args) { Elephant puppy1 = new Elephant( "大象" , 6 , 70 ); Elephant puppy2 = new Elephant( 10 , 142 ); Animal puppy3 = new Animal(); if (puppy1.equals(puppy2)) { System.out.println( "true" ); } else { System.out.println( "false" ); } if (puppy3.equals(puppy2)) { System.out.println( "true" ); } else { System.out.println( "false" ); } System.out.println(puppy2.getClass()); System.out.println(puppy3.getClass()); System.out.println(puppy2.hashCode()); System.out.println(puppy3.hashCode()); System.out.println(puppy2.toString()); System.out.println(puppy3.toString()); } } /* 《程式語言教學誌》的範例程式 檔名:JungleDemo8.java 功能:示範物件導向的基本觀念 作者:張凱慶 時間:西元 2010 年 10 月 */ |
編譯後執行,結果如下

中英文術語對照 | |
---|---|
類別 | class |
物件 | object |
方法 | method |
資源回收者 | garbage collector |
改寫 | override |
參考資料
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/objectclass.html
http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/classes.html
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/objectclass.html
http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/classes.html
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