- protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException
- public boolean equals(Object obj)
- protected void finalize() throws Throwable
- public final Class getClass()
- public int hashCode()
- public String toString()
- public final void notify()
- public final void notifyAll()
- public final void wait()
- public final void wait(long timeout)
- public final void wait(long timeout, int nanos)
功能如下表
| clone() | 建立並回傳物件的副本 |
| equals() | 比較是否為相同物件 |
| finalize() | 呼叫資源回收者 (garbage collector) 檢查此物件是否應該被回收 |
| getClass() | 取得類別名稱 |
| hashCode() | 取得物件的雜湊碼 |
| toString() | 取得物件的字串表示形式 |
| notify() | 有關同步功能.... |
| notifyAll() | 有關同步功能.... |
| wait() | 有關同步功能.... |
final 的方法不能再改寫 (override) ,非 final 的方法可以改寫成符合自己需要的。
以下程式示範使用 equals() 、 getClass() 、 hashCode() 、 toString() 四個方法
class Animal {
private int age;
private int weight;
public Animal(int a, int w) {
setAge(a);
setWeight(w);
System.out.println("使用兩個參數的建構子,Animal物件已建立....");
}
public Animal(int w) {
this(3, w);
}
public Animal() {
this(3, 15);
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int n) {
if (n < 0) {
age = 1;
}
else {
age = n;
}
}
public int getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(int n) {
if (n < 0) {
weight = 1;
}
else {
weight = n;
}
}
public void speak() {
System.out.println("哈囉,我已經" + getAge() + "歲,有" + getWeight() + "公斤重");
}
}
class Elephant extends Animal {
private String name;
public Elephant(String n, int a, int w) {
super(a, w);
setName(n);
System.out.println("使用三個參數的建構子,Elephant物件已建立....");
}
public Elephant(int a, int w) {
this("小象", a, w);
}
public Elephant() {
this("小象", 3, 150);
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String n) {
if (n == null || n.equals("")) {
name = "無名氏";
}
else {
name = n;
}
}
public void speak() {
super.speak();
System.out.println("我的名字是" + getName());
}
}
class JungleDemo8 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Elephant puppy1 = new Elephant("大象", 6, 70);
Elephant puppy2 = new Elephant(10, 142);
Animal puppy3 = new Animal();
if (puppy1.equals(puppy2)) {
System.out.println("true");
}
else {
System.out.println("false");
}
if (puppy3.equals(puppy2)) {
System.out.println("true");
}
else {
System.out.println("false");
}
System.out.println(puppy2.getClass());
System.out.println(puppy3.getClass());
System.out.println(puppy2.hashCode());
System.out.println(puppy3.hashCode());
System.out.println(puppy2.toString());
System.out.println(puppy3.toString());
}
}
/* 《程式語言教學誌》的範例程式
http://pydoing.blogspot.com/
檔名:JungleDemo8.java
功能:示範物件導向的基本觀念
作者:張凱慶
時間:西元 2010 年 10 月 */編譯後執行,結果如下

| 中英文術語對照 | |
|---|---|
| 類別 | class |
| 物件 | object |
| 方法 | method |
| 資源回收者 | garbage collector |
| 改寫 | override |
參考資料
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/objectclass.html
http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/classes.html
http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/objectclass.html
http://download.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Object.html
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/third_edition/html/classes.html
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