HTML 5 快速導覽 - 表單元素 <input>

<input> 為 HTML 文件的表單元素 (element) ，用來設置輸入項目。



<input> 除了全域屬性外，另有定義幾個屬性 (attribute)
  • accept
  • alt
  • autocomplete
  • autofocus
  • checked
  • dirname
  • disabled
  • form
  • formaction
  • formenctype
  • formmethod
  • formnovalidate
  • formtarget
  • height
  • list
  • max
  • maxlength
  • min
  • multiple
  • name
  • pattern
  • placeholder
  • readonly
  • required
  • size
  • src
  • step
  • type
  • value
  • width


其中 type 設定輸入項目的種類，有以下數種設定值
  • hidden
  • text
  • search
  • tel
  • url
  • email
  • password
  • datetime
  • date
  • month
  • week
  • time
  • datetime-local
  • number
  • range
  • color
  • checkbox
  • radio
  • file
  • submit
  • image
  • reset
  • button


此外， <input> 的文件物件模型 (DOM) 介面為 HTMLInputElement ，另有以下的屬性與方法
  • accept
  • alt
  • autocomplete
  • autofocus
  • defaultChecked
  • checked
  • dirName
  • disabled
  • form
  • files
  • formAction
  • formEnctype
  • formMethod
  • formNoValidate
  • formTarget
  • height
  • indeterminate
  • list
  • max
  • maxLength
  • min
  • multiple
  • name
  • pattern
  • placeholder
  • readOnly
  • required
  • size
  • src
  • step
  • type
  • defaultValue
  • value
  • valueAsDate
  • valueAsNumber
  • width
  • stepUp()
  • stepDown()
  • willValidate
  • validity
  • validationMessage
  • checkValidity()
  • setCustomValidity()
  • labels
  • select()
  • selectionStart
  • selectionEnd
  • selectionDirection
  • setSelectionRange()


舉例如下
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<!DOCTYPE html> 
<html> 
  <head> 
     <title>HTML 5 DEMO</title>
     <style>
       header, nav, section, article, footer {
         display: block;
       }
       header, nav, section, article, footer {
         color: white;
       }
       header, footer {
         text-align: center;
         width: 100%;
       }
       header {
         background-color: red;
         font-size: 36px;
         font-weight: bold;
       }
       nav {
         position: fixed;
         top: 40px;
         right: 25px;
         background-color: blue;
         width: 100px;
       }
       section {
         width: 86%;
         background-color: gray;
         padding: 20px;
         margin: 20px;
       }
       footer {
         background-color: green;
         font-size: 10px;
       }
     </style>
  </head> 
  <body> 
    <header> 
       header 
    </header> 
    <nav> 
      <ul>
        <li>nav 1</li>
        <li>nav 2</li>
      </ul> 
    </nav>
    <section>
      <article>
        <form>
          <input type="hidden" value="hidden">
          <input type="text" value="text">
          <input type="search" value="search">
          <input type="tel" value="tel">
          <input type="url" value="url">
          <input type="email" value="email">
          <input type="password" value="password">
          <input type="datetime" value="datetime">
          <input type="date" value="date">
          <input type="month" value="month">
          <input type="week" value="week">
          <input type="time" value="time">
          <input type="datetime-local" value="datetime-local">
          <input type="number" value="number">
          <input type="range" value="range">
          <input type="color" value="color">
          <input type="checkbox" value="checkbox">
          <input type="radio" value="radio">
          <input type="file" value="file">
          <input type="submit" value="submit">
          <input type="image" value="image">
          <input type="reset" value="reset">
          <input type="button" value="button">
        </form>
      </article>
    </section>     
    <footer> 
      <p>
        footer © 2011
      </p>      
    </footer> 
  </body> 
</html> 
 
<!-- 《程式語言教學誌》的範例程式
     http://pydoing.blogspot.com/
     檔名：inputtest.html
     功能：示範 HTML 5 標記語言
     作者：張凱慶
     時間：西元 2011 年 12 月 -->


此例， <input> 放在 <form> 之內
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<section>
  <article>
    <form>
      <input type="hidden" value="hidden">
      <input type="text" value="text">
      <input type="search" value="search">
      <input type="tel" value="tel">
      <input type="url" value="url">
      <input type="email" value="email">
      <input type="password" value="password">
      <input type="datetime" value="datetime">
      <input type="date" value="date">
      <input type="month" value="month">
      <input type="week" value="week">
      <input type="time" value="time">
      <input type="datetime-local" value="datetime-local">
      <input type="number" value="number">
      <input type="range" value="range">
      <input type="color" value="color">
      <input type="checkbox" value="checkbox">
      <input type="radio" value="radio">
      <input type="file" value="file">
      <input type="submit" value="submit">
      <input type="image" value="image">
      <input type="reset" value="reset">
      <input type="button" value="button">
    </form>
  </article>
</section>


利用 Firefox 開啟如下



中英文術語對照
元素element
屬性attribute
文件物件模型DOM


您可以繼續參考
JavaScript 範例

表單元素


相關目錄
HTML 5 快速導覽
HTML, CSS 教材
首頁


參考資料
http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-input-element.html#the-input-element
http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-20110525/the-input-element.html#the-input-element
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